– FIRST Tech Challenge DECODE Season Guide

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noticeable. Head Referees should keep a professional demeanor in working with the entire
Referee crew as well as all the field staff around the field. A light-hearted, friendly personal
style around the field should help to keep the interactions with everyone, including the teams,
friendly and cordial.
Time Commitment
Head Referees can expect to spend an additional 2-4 hours for pre-event training and planning,
on top of the time commitment for Referees (6-10 hours total).
Core Responsibilities
In addition to the responsibilities of a Referee, the Head Referee also has additional
responsibilities. These include:
• Provide leadership over Referees and match gameplay.
• Ensure a qualified Head Referee observes every qualification and playoff match.
• In collaboration with the FTA, ensure that matches are carried out effectively, fairly, and
promptly.
• Serve as a knowledge reference and training resource for the Referee crew and other
volunteers.
• Monitor the Referee crew to make sure they are making correct calls.
• Communicate clearly & consistently with teams.
• Help manage an event schedule.
• Serve as a role model for Gracious Professionalism^® core skills.
Highly successful Head Referees demonstrate excellent Referee skills and the additional
following skills, regardless of event structure:
• Expert knowledge of the competition, game, and rules of play.
• Leadership and decision-making skills to work with volunteers and teams.
• Effective time management
• High-level of problem solving
• Active listening to student questions and feedback from other volunteers.
• Empathetic and clear communication with volunteers and participants of all ages.
Prerequisites
• Previous experience as a Referee
• 21 years of age, 23+ preferred
Reporting Structure
The Head Referee works alongside the Event Director and other key volunteers. The Head
Referee ultimately reports to FIRST^® Staff.
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Before the Event
Pre-Event Training
Head Referees must complete the required reading in this section and are required to pass a
certification test prior to serving in this role. The Head Referee must be confident and
comfortable with the game rules to be able to reliably make calls during the fast pace of a
FIRST Tech Challenge event. Learning ahead of time will go a long way towards keeping the
event running smoothly and on time.
Resources for training and certification:
Head Referee Pre-event Training List
Requirement
Resource
Required
Welcome to FIRST^®
Required
Complete and pass the Referee Certification
Required
Review the Head Referee Volunteer Manual(this document)
Required
Review the Referee Volunteer Manual
Review the Competition Manual – specifically:
• Section 1: Introduction
• Section 3: Competition Eligibility and Inspection (I)
Required
• Section 5: Event Rules (E)
• Section 12: ROBOT Construction Rules (R)
• Section 13: Tournament (T)
• Section 14: League Play Tournaments (L)(if applicable)
Required
Complete the FIRST^® Data Protection and Privacy Training.
Field Operations Guide,which contains training and advice for
Required
managing the fields and related volunteers
Field Mitigation Guide,which contains permissible actions for Field
Required
Staff to take regarding field issues before, during, and after matches
during an event.
Required
ReviewField Reset Guide.
Required
Review the Head Referee Training Materials.
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Head Referee Pre-event Training List
Review the Competition Manual – specifically:
• Section 2: FIRST^® Season Overview
• Section 4: Advancement
Encouraged
• Section 6: Awards (A)
• Section 7: Game Sponsor Recognition
• Section 8: Game Overview
• Section 15: FIRST^® Championship (C)
Encouraged
Complete Strategies for Inspiring Success for All modules.
Volunteer Q&A System
• The volunteer Q&Aserves as a space for these volunteers to
ask questions and receive official answers from FIRST^® Staff
and our Global Key volunteers about the Competition Manual
Encouraged
and its expected implementation.
• To access the Q&A volunteers must have an active FIRST^®
Dashboard account,have applied to volunteer in the specific
role for the current season and have a signed consent and
release form.
Encouraged
Attend the optional monthly Referee/Head Referee Volunteer Calls.
Complete the Head Referee CertificationTest in the FIRST^® Learning
System
Required
(For volunteers outside of North America without a FIRST^® Dashboard
Account use the PDF to self-certify)

Additional Information & Resources
Head Referee Additional Resources
Resource
Description
This is a resource for teams; however, Head
FTC Q&A System
Referees may also find these useful to
understand the questions teams ask.
Referee/Head Referee Volunteer
Monthly optional volunteer calls to provide
Calls.
support for Referees and Head Referees.
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Join by invitation from the local Program
Delivery Partner (PDP). This is an informal
community space for Head Referees and
FTC Referee Volunteer Slack
Referees.
workspace
This Slack space also includes an Event
Support feature for Head Referees that can be
used in addition to or instead of the phone
number listed at the end.
FTC Volunteer Materials
General resources for all FTC volunteers.
FIRST^® General Volunteer MaterialsGeneral resources for all FIRST^® volunteers.

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Additional Pre-Event Activities
Prior Communications
• Discuss Referee & field staff volunteer staffing levels with the Volunteer Coordinator and
Event Director.
• Review the latestTeam Updatesfor important changes to the Competition Manual.
• Communicate with Referees about any event preparation, including optional local
training.
• If it is anticipated that there is little or no time for a Referee Meeting at the event due to
logistical constraints, the Head Referee should communicate key Referee Meeting
Talking Pointsto Referees prior to the event.
• Ensure that key event details (where, when, how long, etc.) are communicated to the
Referees, typically in an email or online event information from the Event Director,
Volunteer Coordinator, and/or Program Delivery Partner (PDP).
Local Referee Training
Head Referees are encouraged to coordinate with the Regional Lead Head Referee, Event
Director, and/or PDP to determine if they should provide any pre-event Referee training and/or
information to Referees.
Recommended Referee Staffing
The Head Referee should collaborate with the Event Director and Volunteer Coordinator to
determine an appropriate level of staffing for referee roles.
Referee Staffing Recommendations

Single Competition
Multiple Competition
Multiple Divisions
Field
Fields
(1 * n + 1) Head Referees
≤1 Match
1 Head Referee &
(1 * n^) Head Referees &
&
Day
4 Referees
(4 * n) Referees
(4 * n) Referees
Multiple
(1 * n + 1) Head Referees
1 Head Referee &
(1 * n) Head Referees &
Match
&
5 Referees
(5 * n) Referees
Days
(5 * n) Referees
^n = number of fields
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Examples:
• 1-field Meet (partial day): 1 Head Referee & 4 Referees
• 2-field qualifying tournament held on one day: 2 Head
Referees & 8 Referees
• 2 division regional championship with 2 fields per division
and matches on a single day: 5 Head Referees & 16 Referees
• 2 division regional championship with 2 fields per division
and matches on multiple days: 5 Head Referees & 20
Referees

There should always be a single Head Referee who is the final authority for the event.
While events with multiple fields can function with a single Head Referee, at least one Head
Referee per field is strongly recommended. It is recommended that multiple division events
additionally have an event-level Head Referee that is not assigned to a field who can help
coordinate and disseminate information, manage off-field tasks such as the question box and
conversation with other key volunteers, and oversee all divisions to maintain consistency.
A single Head Referee at a multiple field event will likely be a limiting factor in match cycle
times, as they must watch every match, be involved in Referee conferences, and respond to
teams in the question box.
During a match, a field should have only the recommended number of Referees present. If
there are additional Referees at the event, encourage them to clearly stand away from the field
to ensure a consistent match experience for the teams. Additional Referees should avoid
participating in any post-match Referee conferences. Overstaffing beyond the recommended
number of Referees in the table above should be avoided.
For events with long durations of matches (~4 hours or more without a break), Referees should
cycle through the Referee positions with extra Referees on break, if they are available. Referees
should rotate between the different Referee positions every 5 matches. Establish a consistent
rotation pattern at the beginning of the day, e.g., rotate clockwise through the positions, and
help the Referees to maintain this pattern. It is recommended that each Referee gains
experience at each position to keep Referees attentive and observant and ensure that all
Referees are well-versed in the different roles. Occasionally, Referees will be substantially more
comfortable with one role over another; the Head Referee may use their discretion to keep a
person in a specific Referee role if required for the event to proceed. However, the Head
Referee should encourage all Referees to gain experience in all positions.
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Conflict of Interest
A Head Referee must disclose any conflicts of interest that they have. Whenever possible, the
Head Referee of an event should not have a conflict of interest with any team competing at the
event.
A key volunteer, such as the Head Referee, having a conflict of interest, or even the perception
of a conflict of interest can affect a team’s experience, even if decisions that were made
throughout the day were not biased in any way. A volunteer who does not disclose their
conflict of interest can compromise the integrity of a FIRST Tech Challenge event.
The Head Referee should be aware of the conflicts of interest among the Referee crew and
field staff. The Head Referee should ensure Referees are assigned such that they can avoid
any conflicts of interest. The Head Referee should monitor and provide feedback to volunteers
in the arena during the event to correct behavior that could be perceived as inappropriate.
Additionally, the Head Referee should move Referees or change assignments, if needed.
More information about conflicts of interest can be foundat: Conflict of Interest

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Event Day
Arena Setup
It is recommended that the Head Referee works with the FTA to check the arena and field
setup to confirm that fields are compliant. The Head Referee provides input to help the Event
Director and provides guidance related to rules in the Competition Manual.
Volunteer Interaction
Event Director
Prior to the event and on event day, the Head Referee and Event Director work together to
execute an effective and efficient event. The Event Director plans the overall schedule and flow
of the tournament while providing oversight to all elements of the event function. The Event
Director may seek input from the Head Referee on aspects of the schedule, including Referee
staffing and the match schedule. The goal is for the schedule to be reasonable for both teams
and Referees to ensure smooth flow of the event. Avoid scheduling Matches faster than the
field staff reasonably expect to be able to complete them; e.g., do not schedule 4-minute cycle
times if 7 minutes is closer to what field staff can expect to be able to accomplish. A schedule
that is consistently inaccurate leads to confusion between teams and event staff.
The Event Director has primary authority over all elements of the event outside of the arena
including judging and the pits. The event rules in Section 5 of the Competition Manual have
shared enforcement responsibility between the Event Director, Lead Robot Inspector, and Head
Referee; however, the Head Referee should defer any decisions related to these rules to the
Event Director. As a trusted expert on the Competition Manual, the Event Director may consult
with the Head Referee about the event rules (E). This can include guidance on understanding
the rule itself, or the Event Director may ask the Head Referee to issue a verbal warning to a
team given the Head Referee’s visible position of authority at the event. In no circumstance can
the Head Referee apply gameplay penalties (i.e., fouls or yellow or red cards) for violations of
event rules. The correct escalation path for violations of event rules is for the Event Director to
contact FIRST^® Headquarters.
FIRST Technical Advisor (FTA)
As a fellow event leader, the Head Referee and FTA collaborate to ensure that matches are
carried out effectively, fairly, and promptly. A gracious and professional relationship between
the FTA and Head Referee is critical to a smooth and successful event. FIRST^® strongly
recommends that FTAs and Head Referees follow the FTA & Head Referee Workflow outlined
in the Field Operations Guide. Before the start of qualification matches, the FTA and Head
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Referee should meet to discuss the workflow and any other touchpoints. For example, teams
may ask questions in the question box that are best answered by the FTA.
Volunteer Coordinator
Upon arrival at the event, the Head Referee should check in with the Volunteer Coordinator.
This serves as an opportunity to confirm the final level of staffing and meet any unfamiliar
volunteers.
Referees & Field Staff
The Head Referee should manage Referees and coordinate with other field staff, such as field
reset. Coordinate with the appropriate technical field personnel on any field or field reset
issues. At some events, this may be the FTA or the Field Supervisor. As the event’s expert on
the Competition Manual, these roles may seek guidance from the Head Referee. If asked, work
with these volunteers to ensure that they have a sufficient understanding of the Competition
Manual to carry out their assigned tasks.
Team Interaction and Support
Answering Team Questions
One of the key responsibilities of a Head Referee is to address questions from teams and to
provide fair, consistent, rule-based answers to their concerns. Per Section 13.4, each event
must provide one or more designated question boxes where teams can interact with the Head
Referee. While the Head Referee has many responsibilities, including monitoring the question
box to see if a team needs support. If possible, address the team’s concern immediately. If it is
not possible to address their concern immediately due to other priorities such as an active
match, the Head Referee should acknowledge the team and inform them that they will return to
hear them out shortly, e.g., after the next match.
It is important for the Head Referee to make sure to patiently listen to the questions from the
students. Make sure to consider their points and to hear them out completely. They are often
very passionate about their concerns and that passion typically becomes more heated if they
are not allowed to clearly and completely express their concerns.
If there is a language or communication barrier with student team members, the Head Referee
should work with the team to find a reasonable accommodation. For example, an adult
associated with the team may act as a translator in addition to the one student and one silent
observer. The discussion should still be had with the student representative through the
translator.
At the end of the discussion, it is a good idea for the Head Referee to reinforce any positive
behaviors displayed by the students. Thanking them for having a calm, intelligent discussion
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and wishing them good luck with the remainder of the event will help with keeping a positive
environment around the arena.
The Head Referee should not be afraid to correct errors, but it’s not possible to be perfect —
the Head Referee should do their best with what is observed by themselves and Referees
during the match. The Referee crew is human. If, in consulting with the Referee crew, the Head
Referee determines that the team has a valid concern, please reference Score Changesand
Match Replayssections of this document for next steps.
Inappropriate Question Box Behavior
In general, the Head Referee should not allow a team at the question box to:
• record the discussion without explicit permission from the Head Referee.
• bring more than one student representative and one silent observer (adult or student).
• have the silent observer contribute to the discussion.
• only have an adult mentor or coach come to the question box without a student team
member.
• show photos, videos, artistic renderings, etc. for Head Referee review.
• engage in an argument instead of a reasoned discussion.
• ask for a volunteer’s personal details such as full name and/or contact information.
The Head Referee is empowered to:
• politely remind the team representatives of the non-compliant behavior and wait to
begin the discussion until they comply.
• remove themselves if the team representative(s) refuse to comply after politely being
reminded of the rules.
• reinforce that the Head Referee rulings are final and not to be discussed at excessive
length.
• provide a team with the FIRST^® contactinformation to submit a complaint, if needed.
If the interaction in the question box is rude or disrespectful and this is not corrected after a
polite reminder, the Head Referee should understand that this is not acceptable behavior at a
FIRST Tech Challenge event. While the Head Referee is the ultimate authority in the Arena, the
Head Referee is empowered to involve additional event or local leadership and, ultimately,
FIRST^® Headquarters support for team behavior that is disrespectful, rude, or that egregiously
disregards Head Referee instructions.
FTC Scoring System
Head Referees should be familiar with the Event Management System and the scoring and
penalty tablets which will be used for live scoring in order to help Referees input scores
accurately.
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More information about the scoring, penalty, and Head Referee tablet features is in the guide
found here.
Head Referee Tablets
Head Referees are encouraged to use a tablet device to access the Head Referee features in
the scoring system. The Head Referee should check with the Event Director to determine if the
event will provide the device or if the Head Referee should bring their own device.
The Scorekeeper can help the Head Referee log into the Head Referee account which will give
them access to several tools during the event, including an active match display, notes, timers,
cycle time information, and scoresheets.
Cycle Time Reports
Head Referees who are assigned to their events in the Volunteer Management System (VMS)
will be able to access their system time reports after the event by logging into https://ftc-
scoring.firstinspires.org/ using their FIRST^® Dashboard login information. Reviewing this
information can help provide quantitative feedback on how the Referee crew worked together
so that the Head Referee can revise their plans for future events.
Referee Meeting
The Head Referee should plan to arrive at the event early to meet with the Referee crew. The
Referees work very closely when assessing penalties and finalizing the score of each match.
Having introductions in the morning as well as reviewing their assignments will make for a
great start to the day. This is an opportunity to come up with a communication plan with all the
Referees.
Recommended talking points are available in the Head Referee scoring system tablet under
“Referee Score Tracking” > “Head Referee” > “Notes” under the “Meeting” drop down, or they
can be found in the Referee Meeting Talking Points section. These notes can be edited or
replaced, as appropriate.
Drivers’ Meeting
One of the Head Referee’s responsibilities is leading the drivers’ meeting that takes place the
morning of the event, prior to the start of any qualification matches.
The drivers’ meeting should emphasize key rules and interpretations and reiterate any recent
changes or clarifications to the most current revision of the Competition Manual. It should
serve to clarify any misunderstandings the teams may have about game, robot rules, or
scoring. These may vary by region and event.
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The meeting is an opportunity to make sure that all the teams understand the match flow such
as when and where they should queue, the order the robots should be placed onto the field, the
sequence of the match, and the cue for the reset of the field and the removal of their robots.
The FTA may handle this part of the meeting and/or may have additional information and
reminders for teams.
During the drivers’ meeting the Head Referee should describe the process for teams to ask
questions. Make sure to emphasize the timing for questions. It is also critical at the drivers’
meeting to point out the location of the question box where the team member(s) should wait
to ask their question.
The Head Referee should make sure to allow time for questions from the teams. Depending on
the size of the event and the noise level where the drivers’ meeting takes place, the Head
Referee will possibly need to repeat questions so that all attending the meeting can hear the
questions as well as the answers. Talking points are available in the Head Referee scoring
system tablet under “Referee Score Tracking” > “Head Referee” > “Notes” under the “Meeting”
drop down, or they can be found in the Drivers’ Meeting Talking Points section at the end of
this document. These notes are a good starting point that can be added to or modified, though
remember to be expedient and allow time for questions.
Field Setup & Reset Process
The FTA, along with the Head Referee, are responsible for the prompt flow of the matches.
From the end of the previous match to the start of the next, the Head Referee and the FTA work
together to ensure proper robot removal, score certification, field reset, etc. Each of these roles
has their areas of responsibility. For the Head Referee specifically, those responsibilities are:
Pre-Match Setup

During Pre-Match Setup, the Head Referee and Referee crew

should confirm robots,
operator consoles, and drive teams are appropriately setup per the rules.

The Referee crew should enter whether the team and/or robot are

present on the tablet.
The scoring system automatically handles the score impact for a team not being
present for the match.

The Head Referee should check the state of the field to ensure there

is no field damage
requiring repair and the field setup is accurate prior to the start of the next match.

Once the Head Referee confirms that the field is setup correctly

and the FTA has
returned control of the field to the Head Referee, the Head Referee should verbally
announce to the teams that they should be ready, indicate that the field is about to be
randomized, and that once randomized they may not touch their controllers. Upon
receiving active, affirmative recognition (e.g., thumbs-up) from all teams, the Head
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Referee should either signal the Scorekeeper or initiate randomization via their tablet to
determine the randomization from the Event Management System and then move the
obelisk accordingly.
a. The Head Referee is responsible for the final obelisk position (rotation and
physical location) prior to match start, even if another member of field staff
rotates it.

If the state of the readiness on the field changes between teams
affirming that they are ready and the start of the match, the Head
Referee has the discretion to correct field issues such as scoring
elements that have moved. Teams that have communicated that
they are ready but later indicate that they are not ready should
either earn a violation for making an adjustment to their
robot/operator console or not make the change.
The Head Referee should not re-randomize the field due to a team’s
actions.
The Head Referee does not need to re-randomize the field if a minor
field issue that does not impact randomization is corrected after
randomization, such as placing a scoring element in the correct
preset position.
The Head Referee should use their discretion to re-randomize the
field for larger field issues that impact randomization or take a long
time to resolve such as the field timer display getting disconnected.

When the field is ready and randomized, the Head Referee

should signal the start of the
match through one of the following:
a. A continuous, clear, and active signal, such as a sustained thumbs-up over their
head to the Announcer. When an Announcer and Scorekeeper are present, the
Announcer should confirm the Scorekeeper is ready, as well as the Head Referee.
b. By loudly and clearly announcing “Three, Two, One, Go!” at an even pace such
that the Scorekeeper and all teams at the field can hear, in the absence of an
Announcer.
c. By loudly and clearly announcing “Three, Two, One, Go!” at an even pace such
that all teams at the field can hear and initiating the match start on “Go,” in the
absence of an Announcer and Scorekeeper.
Field Reset
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Confirm that the Referee crew has completed score

certification. Teams should not
enter the field to retrieve their robots until scores have been certified.

Notify teams to press the (■) stop button on their driver station

app. This is an
important safety step prior to teams retrieving their robots from the field.

The Head Referee is not responsible for checking the driver
stations to ensure that each team has pressed stop. However, they
must make a clear announcement to all of the teams such that they
have been prompted to comply.

Allow drive teams to enter the field to retrieve their robots.
The FTA should now take charge of the field.

Match Timing (G301)
The Head Referee is a key participant in ensuring the event stays on schedule while providing a
positive experience to the teams. The match schedule provides teams with an outline of their
day and serves as an important resource to ensure a smooth, consistent, and predicable event
flow. The Field Operations Guideprovides more information about collaborating with the other
Field Staff and key volunteers to ensure a smooth event flow. However, G301 is the
responsibility of the Head Referee and is one of the key methods used to ensure that events
proceed as planned while providing equitable time to teams to prepare for their matches.
G301 is the “late policy” for teams. Teams may not delay the start of the match and doing so
puts them at risk of penalties under G301. However, G301 provides allowance for teams
making a “good faith effort” to become match ready and timelines for the Head Referee to
enforce if they are not doing so. The Head Referee must be familiar with G301 to enforce the
timing rules fairly and consistently.
The Head Referee tablet, available in the scoring system and discussed in the FTC Scoring
Systemsection, automatically calculates the timing of the match in compliance with all
relevant rules and provides a convenient button to start the 2-minute timer for G301.
Figure 1provides a flow chart for the application of G301. The flow chart is sufficiently detailed
to capture all scenarios – the application of G301 in each scenario will be simpler than what is
shown. The text of the Competition Manual is always the primary source for G301. This figure
is provided as an alternative representation to aid in the comprehension and consistent
application of the rule.

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Figure 1: FTC G301 Guidance
Scoring Finalization
Immediately after the match, the Head Referee works with the Referees to efficiently confirm
and adjust scores during the post-match review process. Referees should ensure all fouls that
were called during the match were recorded exactly once.
Before the Referees submit their final review, the Head Referee may click the “Review
Required?” button on the Head Referee tablet. This will hold the match results even after the
Referees have submitted, allowing the HR to enter RP-affecting rule violations and/or
yellow/red cards. Alternatively, the Head Referee may start a discussion with the Scorekeeper
regarding a change to the score or input a violation that impacts Ranking Points.
It is critical that any match results that were observed during the match, including scoring
achievements, scoring awards resulting from rule violations, fouls, RP-impacting violations,
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and cards that the Head Referee is aware of are entered before match results are initially
posted.
Head Referees should not hold match results while doing tangential activities such as making
notes or brieflyinforming teams of rule violations.
Referee Conference
Occasionally, in answering a team’s questions, it is useful to hold an impromptu conference
with the Referees. This also encourages consistent application of the rules throughout the
course of the day. Gather the crew and discuss the situation as needed. Make sure to allow the
entire crew the opportunity to speak if they wish.
Sometimes a brief conference is a valuable tool for defusing dispute. After the Head Referee
listens to a team’s questions it may be useful to step away, confer with the Referee crew, and
then provide the answer. Even if the conference doesn’t impact the decision that the Head
Referee would have made in any way, taking the time to discuss the question with the crew
helps the team feel that their concerns were heard, understood, and valued, even if the final
decision doesn’t go the way they are arguing for. Make sure that the short conference happens
away from earshot of the teams that are asking (also away from others that may eavesdrop).
Also keep in mind that matches must keep moving forward; this meeting should be short in
order to keep the event schedule moving on time.
Referees should be cognizant of any extra people or recording devices that can capture a
Referee meeting. A Referee conference is a private discussion, only with relevant referee(s)
and possibly FTA(s). Extra volunteers and team members should not be part of a Referee
conference. During a Referee conference, Referees should avoid being adjacent to the
audience or team spaces, highly visible on a stream, near any microphones, or near any other
recording devices.

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Score Changes
At times, Referees may become aware of an incorrectly recorded score or foul, or identify a
rule violation that requires updating match results after match results have been posted.
Referees are instructed to discuss these discrepancies with the Head Referee. Scoring
achievements or violations must have been observed by Referees. Anything that was not
observed live by Referees should not be added or altered from the in-match result.
Permitted score changes include correcting a minor foul to a major foul after match results
have been posted, if a major foul was the correct penalty for the violation that was observed by
the Referees, removing a duplicate foul entry, or adding a scoring achievement a Referee
observed but accidentally was not recorded appropriately.
If a score change is necessary and will change the outcome of a match – specifically, the
win/loss/tie results or Ranking Points earned – the Head Referee should be sure to alert the
appropriate parties based on the following:
• Inform the Lead Scorekeeper not to post match results until
the issue is resolved/scores are updated. This might require
Before match results
assistance from the Lead Scorekeeper to override the scores
have been posted
in the Referee tablets.
• Let the Emcee/Game Announcer know there will be a delay in
match results.
Prior to publishing updated match results:
• Inform the Lead Scorekeeper that a match score must be
changed, and the changes that must be made.
• Gather the teams impacted by the change to let them know
what is changing, and why it is changing.
After a match results
• Let the Emcee/Game Announcer know that a previous match
have been posted
result will be updated and posted.
Once those parties have received proper communication:
• Coordinate with the Lead Scorekeeper and Emcee/Game
Announcer to have the updated match results posted and
announced.

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The Head Referee must work with the Scorekeeper(s) to ensure that scores are correctly
updated and released based on the timing outlined above. Once match results have been
submitted and posted, the Head Referee cannot make adjustments to any match results from
the Head Referee tablet and must consult with the Scorekeeper.
In the case of a score change that will impact the ranking points earned during a match, the
Head Referee should communicate with the Announcers that a score update needs to be
posted and announced. A score change that does not change the win/loss/tie outcome of the
match or the ranking points earned by one or more alliances does not require an announced
updated score posting.
This need to pre-share the match outcome score changes is even more critical during the
playoff matches. Make sure to communicate with the Announcers for the event prior to the
beginning of the playoff matches to help them understand the timing of possible team
challenges to help avoid premature announcement of match outcomes – and potentially
incorrect identification of alliances advancing during the playoff matches.
Taking the time to manage the announcement of match outcomes during playoff matches will
help avoid considerable upset from the teams involved.
Match Replays
Generally, match replays are rare and are a result of an arena fault. The circumstances in which
a match should be replayed during an event are listed in Section 13.3 of the Competition
Manual. The prerequisites for a replay are:
• Field staff stopped the match early due to safety concerns, OR
• There was an arena fault and:
o At least one team in the match in question must request the replay.
o The Head Referee has determined the arena fault must have reasonably affected
the outcome of the match.
Scheduling a match replay should be done by the FTA and Head
Referee and clearly communicated to teams. Match replays must
comply with rules in Competition Manual Section 13.
Field Staff (Referee) Errors
Some errors by field staff not covered in Section 10.8 are considered arena faults. Any
adjustment or delay in assignment of a penalty or scoring achievement (including those made
after the MATCH), including permittedScore Changesis not a field staff error. However, a
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Referee making an incorrect call during a match that impacts how an alliance plays the match
is considered a Field Staff error that may be eligible for a match replay if the error impacted the
outcome of the match. For example, if a Referee called a violation that indicated to an alliance
that they were automatically awarded RP, that alliance stopped pursuing scoring achievements
during the match that would aid in achieving that RP, and the in-match violation was deemed to
be incorrect, the field staff error is grounds for a match replay.
False Starts
Generally, a “false start” to a match occurs because one or more teams started Auto before the
match start signal or because the scoring system did not start the match timer. False starts
sometimes occur due to miscommunication or nerves.
Avoid false starts by:
• Establishing and consistently executing signals with other volunteers like announcers
and scorekeepers.
• Remembering to signal for randomization.
• Identifying potential causes of a false start such as audio bleed in a multi-division event.
Warn teams of these issues and remind them to wait for the correct cue.
• Reminders to teams of the match process that will be followed.
If a false start occurs:
• If the timer has not started but all teams have started, get the timer started and teams
should wait until the timer has caught up with the end of Auto before proceeding with
their transition activities.
• If the Head Referee can reasonably determine that it was an arena fault (e.g., error by
field staff), but no damage occurred requiring field element repair, robots should be
stopped & reset, and the match re-started as soon as pre-match setup is completed
again.
• If the false start is the error of an individual team, the match should proceed as normal.
G401.A applies for teams that false start.
Alliance Captains’ Meeting
The Head Referee is responsible for having a brief meeting with the teams who are competing
in the playoffs. Typically, this only involves the alliance captains (i.e., one individual student
from each alliance lead); however, there can be a reasonable accommodation to include one
representative from each team participating in playoff matches in cases where an issue like
language barriers is likely to arise.
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This short meeting is held just after alliance selection. The Head Referee should provide a
quick rundown of the playoff match flow as well as some of the rules listed in Section 13.6 of
the Competition Manual. In addition, the Head Referee should emphasize a few key differences
between qualification matches and playoff matches.
Recommended talking points are available in the Head Referee scoring system tablet under
“Referee Score Tracking” > “Head Referee” > “Notes” under the “Meeting” drop down, or they
can be found in the Alliance Captains’ Meeting Talking Points section.
Tracking Warnings, Cards, Escalating Violations, and Ranking Point Impacting
Violations
The Head Referee is not expected to track every violation given in each match. The Head
Referee must track violations that can escalate over multiple matches – including verbal
warnings, minor fouls, and major fouls. Additionally, the Head Referee must record all
violations that result in impact to ranking point eligibility, ranking point awards, yellow cards,
and red cards during the event.
The Head Referee should take notes in a way that is helpful for them. As an example, recording
the rule number, team number, match number, the violation given, and the reason for the
violation. The Head Referee is encouraged to either use the notes feature on the Head Referee
tablet or work with the Scorekeeper to print out the Head Referee Tracking Report from the
scoring system. Rule violations with ranking point impact must be communicated to the
Scorekeeper and correctly input alongside the violation in the match score on the Match
Control Dashboard.
If multiple Head Referees are at an event, they must coordinate taking notes in a way that
ensures that key feedback and escalation is communicated to the other Head Referees. Any
notes taken through the notes feature of the Head Referee are shared with all other Head
Referees; however, whether notes are taken with this tool or not, direct communication with
other Head Referees is recommended for escalating violations. All Head Referees must ensure
that when a violation with an escalation path is called, they confirm whether this is the first
violation or a subsequent violation in order to escalate appropriately.
STEM for EveryoneTM
FIRST^® makes reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities who need and request
accommodations.
The Head Referee may make exceptions to rules to allow for reasonable accommodation given
the exceptions do not create an undue hardship or cause safety concerns.
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The Head Referee should work with other Key Volunteers, including the FTA, Field Supervisor,
and Event Director to ensure reasonable accommodations are provided to those who need
them.
Accommodations around the arena can include, but are not limited to:
• allowing Drive Team members to wear items such as noise-blocking headphones and
earbuds used as hearing aids
• allowing Human Players tools used to assist in dexterity/reach
• allowing a Drive Team member to hold part of the operator console during AUTO
• allowing an additional person as a translator (e.g., sign language) to assist with
communication in the Question Box
• providing alternative accessible routes to reach parts of the arena, pits, or stands,
depending on the venue
• providing supplemental visual or audio cues at the same time as in the FIRST^® Event
Management System.
Team Interaction and Support
When interacting with teams, please always consider the team’s perspective. The teams have
put significant time and effort into preparing for this event and may be feeling very stressed
about everything working out as they have planned. Today is a very big deal for the team and
we are here to help!
In general, Referees and other Volunteers should direct questions to the Question Box to
ensure that questions are being appropriately escalated to the Head Referee. While it’s our job
to help guide the teams to a successful event, it’s their responsibility to follow the rules and be
on time for judging and matches.
If the Head Referee feels there is an issue with an individual or several individuals from a team
that warrants specific intervention beyond just a kind reminder, please ensure the correct
stakeholders for the team are aware. Here is a generally acceptable process when working
with a student or team who the Head Referee needs to change their behavior:
The ABCs of Managing Team Behaviors
Do not directly reprimand a student one-on-one without an adult
from their team present. Ask the student to bring an adult who is
Ask for an Adult
responsible for the team to meet you, before moving forward with
any discussion about the concerns at hand.
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The ABCs of Managing Team Behaviors
Is the environment conducive for the feedback you are about to
Be aware of the
give? Is it loud in the area where you are? Are there other teams
Environment
around that may hear the reprimand? Moving the conversation to
a quieter, more private space as needed can be helpful.
(Offer a) Clear
Explain the concern to the team and offer clear examples of the
Explanation
behavior that is concerning.
Offer the opportunity for students and adults to ask clarifying
Discuss any Questions
questions
Outline with the students and adults what the next steps are if the
Explain Next Steps
issue is not corrected. Certain behaviors may include the risk of
yellow cards

Note: the only person at an event who can issue a yellow/red card
is the Head Referee. Please refer more severe issues to FIRST^®
Headquarters.

Be cautious about passing on any negative feedback about any teams directly to the Judges or
Judge Advisor (JA), because it’s not possible to know all the contributing factors around such
a complaint or observation. If there are issues which are repeated or egregious follow the
process forTeam Interaction and Supportand inform the Program Delivery Partner (PDP).
The Judge Advisor may seek feedback from the Event Director to determine if there is any
relevant information to provide the Judges for their evaluation process.
Teams may only be completely disqualified from awards consideration for very rare egregious
actions and only with approval from FIRST^® HQ. The Event Director and/or JA should call the on-
call number to discuss the issue.
Emergencies
The Program Delivery Partner (PDP), Event Director, and the event site host organization are
responsible for having safety and security plans in place for each event. Included in the plan
should be topics such as:
• A map of all the emergency exits
• Knowledge of where on-site medical support is located
• Shelter in place plans in the case of severe weather
• Evacuation plans
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Teams should have their own safety plans before attending the event. Here are some team-
focused recommendations forPreparing to Safely Attend a FIRST^® Event.
Lost Children
FIRST Tech Challenge events can be very hectic, and it can be easy for a child to get lost
amongst the shuffle of a busy event. Ensure you have a plan prior to the event in the instance
of a lost child.
In some cases, the team roster will list Coach phone numbers which can be used to reunite
team members, in some regions they collect “Day-of” cell phone numbers from each team at
check in. Coordinate your plan with your Program Delivery Partner (PDP).
Code Adam Guidelines (www.missingkids.com/CodeAdam) are also a great resource.
Medical Incident Reporting
Event volunteers are not responsible for diagnosing student injuries, handing out medication,
or first aid equipment. You and other event volunteers should refer medical issues and
emergencies to a medical professional on site, such as an EMT. If an incident or illness occurs
at an event, the Event Director, Pit Administrator, or another trained delegate should do the
following:
• Call 911 if there is any question whether the injured person/persons require urgent
medical attention.
• Respond to the scene immediately. Bring a clipboard, pen, or a electronic device to
complete the incident report on the FIRST^® Reporting Portal.
• Complete the incident report for the injured party.
The Event Director or Pit Administration volunteers are responsible for completing incident
reports. The incident reporting person should follow the best practices for incident reporting:
Best Practices for Incident Reporting
Anyone handling incident reporting should have a calm demeanor. They
Be Calm
should be able to collect information and talk to witnesses without
assessing fault.
In all conversations with the injured, witnesses, spectators, and/or media
always say "the incident is being investigated" without any further comment.
Be ConciseIt is not the job of the report collector to provide any opinions on the
situation at hand.
Be Risk
Do not imply liability or any payment, as no one knows for sure until all the
Conscious
facts are collected.
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Best Practices for Incident Reporting
Those taking in incident reports should be able to communicate with the
insurance company if necessary. They should also be aware of who they
Be Preparedneed to share incidents with, including the local Program Delivery
Organization (PDP) or the Event Director.

Although most incidents will not result in a claim, it is better to act on the side of caution and
report them. Should an incident result in a claim after the event, the documents will be on file,
complete with witnesses and a written report.
Youth Protection Reporting
Issues that are non-medical but are of concern to a participant/participants should also be
reported. Anything that happens during an event that made a youth volunteer, team member or
spectator feel uncomfortable or threatened should be addressed.
As appropriate and if you feel safe doing to, speak directly with the offending party and try to
quickly and calmly defuse the immediate issue. Call the Event Director and/or the Program
Delivery Partner (PDP) and inform them of the issue and seek assistance as needed with any
immediate remediation of the issue.
Ensure all issues are reported in a timely manner using the FIRST^® Reporting Portal. Youth
Protection Concerns encompasses a wide variety of one-time or ongoing issues such as
suspected abuse, bullying, harassment, discrimination, questionable behavior, or violation to
the FIRST^® Code of Conduct.
Reporting Other Issues or Concerns
Feedback about issues such as game play, rule
changes, awards, and event management (other than
medical/safety issues) are considered program related
concerns and not youth protection issues and should
be shared with FIRST via
customerservice@firstinspires.orgor bycontacting
help.firstinspires.org/s/contactsuppor
support.
t
Please note that match results and award results are final and that we will not review match
videos.

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Referee Meeting Talking Points
Introductions
• Referees should provide any conflicts of interest
• Review Referee assignments for the event
• Review any position rotations
Safety
• Provide appropriate reminders about safe attire and actions around the field.
• Set an example by adhering to and enforcing FTC safety rules.
Referee Role
• Be friendly and encouraging – make sure this is a fun and positive experience for all
teams.
• Remind the referees why they are there, to make this a memorable event for the
students.
• Warn a team if they are getting close to being penalized. (must be consistent with all
teams!)
• Make the necessary calls, even if something happens unintentionally.
• Be fair and consistent to all teams.
• Be friendly and encouraging – make sure this is a fun and positive experience for all
teams.
• If you think a team is violating a rule in the middle of a match, do not try to get
confirmation from another Referee - say something! If the call is not right, we will not
give the penalty, but the behavior can persist without the referee saying anything.
• Be sure of a call and stick to it, Referee decisions are final.
• Referees are encouraged to attend practice matches (if applicable) to get an idea of the
intensity of the gameplay. During practice matches the rules are not enforced, but this is
an opportunity to instruct the drivers and pre-empt violations during the competitions.
Referee Logistics
• Where to stand for each role – Don’t stand in front of the field!
• What is each Referee watching at the field
• Which Referees to communicate with and how (verbal, hand signals, using a flag/stick)
o Leave/Base scoring
o Recording Fouls
• How to call violations:
o General fouls
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o Incrementing warnings/fouls (e.g., Pinning)
• Referee Conference
• Match pace (cycle time)
Team Questions
• Direct all match questions to the Head Referee. Do not discuss or argue rulings with
team members (or others affiliated with the team such as coaches, parents, siblings,
etc.).
• Do not view any video replays or photographs of a match to make the call.
Match/Rule Overview
• Give a high-level overview of the game (especially if there are new referees):
o Pre-Match Setup
▪ Robots – Starting Configuration, Robot Sign, preloads, starting positions
▪ Must Init an OpMode (does not have to be AUTO)
▪ ARTIFACT starting locations
o Drive Team & Alliance Area
o Referee Positions/Roles
▪ Calling fouls: when, how (verbally, with a visual indicator from a flag)
o Randomization
o General
▪ Expansion Limits
▪ ARTIFACT & PATTERN Scoring
o AUTO
▪ LEAVE Scoring
▪ AUTO interference (G402)
▪ quickly input PATTERN scoring
o Transition
▪ No powered movement! No change in state for the field.
o TELEOP
▪ Human Interactions
▪ Robot Interactions
▪ Protected zone contact
▪ BASE & DEPOT
▪ When does scoring end? How to input fouls.
• Go over important rule updates from most recent Team Updates
• Common rule violations to watch for
• Allow some time for Referees to practice on scoring tablets (for new refs, if no practice
matches),
o Remember to push to the next screen when the period is over!

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Drivers’ Meeting Talking Points
• Welcome/Introduction
• FTA – introduce them, when to ask for them, how to get their attention
o Wi-fi/Hotspot announcement recommended
• Safety
o Safety glasses required, over the eyes, in queuing and at the field
o Shoes with closed toe & closed heel. No crocs or sandals.
o No headphones in queuing or at the field (unless accommodation)
o No entanglement hazards
• Queuing/venue specific things
o Where not to walk & what tables to set up on
• Recent rule updates/hot topics
o Inspection/Reinspection
o G301 – Delay of Match
o G408 – Control Limit = 3
o G417.A – Robot contacting opponent Gate
o G418.B – Frequently associated with G417.A – removing artifacts from opponent
ramp typically by opening their gate
o Human players –
▪ G431.B – Major for human contacting an artifact in contact with robot
▪ G431.A – Major + Yellow Card for human touching a robot
▪ G432.D – Minor for entering artifact into, removing an artifact from zone,
or moving an artifact within part of the field other than the loading zone.
▪ G434 – keep number of artifacts out of play to 6 or fewer
o Robot-Robot interaction
▪ Protected Zones have penalties for contact
o Make it obvious! (BASE scoring, clean Human Player Loading, etc.)
• Q&A with teams
• Question Box reminders for future questions
o Includes off-field issues, reinspection, scoring issues, & “what if” questions
o 1 student, 1 recommended silent observer, no pictures/video, official rules/Q&A
are great!
o Have a specific question!
• Good luck & have fun (wrap-up message)

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Alliance Captains’ Meeting Talking Points
Congratulations! All the talking points from the drivers’ meeting still hold.
Playoffs
• Double Elimination Bracket: [point to the bracket being used: 2-Alliance: 13.7.3, 4-
Alliance: 13.7.4, 6-Alliance: 13.7.5, 8-Alliance: 13.7.6 or multi division]
• Both Teams play every match for the Alliance. All Alliances play at least 2 matches.
• There are no backup or replacement teams (T703), & there are no team-requested
timeouts
Match Setup (10.3.4)
• If setup order matters:
o first red robot (as determined by the red Alliance lead)
o first blue robot (as determined by the blue Alliance lead)
o second red robot
o second blue robot
Delay of Match (G301)
• An Alliance has eight minutes (8:00) from posting the score from the previous match
that they competed in until their robots to be set up on the field, ready for their next
match (T206B)
• If the 8-minute timer runs out and you are not making a good faith effort to become
match ready, G301 violation applies to the Alliance.
• A match may begin early if both Alliances are ready to begin a match ahead of time.
Team Questions (T402B)
• Questions must be asked before the next round of matches. Ask questions ASAP!
Yellow & Red Cards (10.6.1, T705)
• Cards from Quals have been reset. Warnings do not reset (except for Delay of Match:
G301)
• Cards & disqualification of a team in Playoffs applies to the entire alliance
• Yellow card for 1 robot = yellow card for every robot in alliance
• Red card for 1 robot = disqualified robot = disqualified alliance = loss of match
• Yellow card for robot 1 plus yellow card for robot 2 = red card for the alliance = loss of
match
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Other Logistics [subject to coordination with FTA/Field Supervisor & depending on venue
constraints]
• Teams competing in Playoffs may bring up to 3 additional team members (pit crew),
and a reasonably small tool box/spare batteries/etc. to queuing. (T704)
• Alliances are assigned a queuing table for the remainder of the day
• Robots should not leave the arena until they are done for the day.
Q&A with captains
[Provide at least 15 minutes after this meeting ends before Playoffs Match 1 is scheduled to
start.]

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Important Tools
Public Schedule
The Program Delivery Partner or the Event Director should publish the public schedule of
events before the event. This schedule will have a high-level overview of all the activities for the
event. It is important that everyone at the event does their best to stay true to the public
schedule so that teams and volunteers who have planned their day around these times have a
good experience.
Time
Agenda
7:15 am
Doors Open for Staff & Key Volunteers
7:30 am
Judges and Inspectors Report
8:00 am
Doors Open for Teams
8:30 am
Judging & Inspection Commences
10:15 am Team Check-in Hard Deadline (Check the Competition Manual)
Match schedule is generated and distributed to teams. (Check the Competition Manual)
10:30 am Note to Scorekeeper: 6 Matches total(Check the Competition Manual)
10:40 am Drivers’ Meeting with Head Referee & Opening Ceremony
Qualification Matches 1 - 8
11:00 am Note to Scorekeeper: 7-minute cycle-time
12:00 pm Lunch
Qualification Matches 9 - 45
12:45 pm Note to Scorekeeper: 5-minute cycle-times
3:50 pm
Qualification Matches Projected End
4:00 pm
Alliance Selection
4:20 pm
Double Elimination Rounds 1 - 4
5:10 pm
Award Ceremonies Start & Double Eliminations Round 5
6:20 pm
Projected End of Event
7:00 pm
Doors Close
Occasionally things that happen out of the event’s control may impact the schedule. In these cases,
work closely with the Event Director to understand the updated agenda.
Figure 2: Example Schedule for a 30 Team Event

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Registered Teams List
The Program Delivery Partner may provide a list of teams registered for the event or the
scorekeeper can export a report of all the registered teams for the event. Sometimes this list
may change the day of the event based on which teams show up. The Scorekeeper report will
have the most accurate information about who is competing at an event. Notes that teams
may be competing only in the judging portion of the event and not have a robot present.
Figure 3: Competing Team Report

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Event Layout/Map
The Program Delivery Partner and Event Director should publish a map of the venue before the
event. In some cases, details on the map might not be available until the day of the event.
The Event Layout / Map should detail the following:
• Load-In Path
• Parking for Personal Vehicles and Busses
• Team Check-in
• Volunteer Check-in
• Competition Area
• Pit Area (May include the Pit Map)
• Judging Room Locations (if applicable)
• Safety Details as available (Emergency Exits, AED, Shelter in Place Locations)

Figure 4: Example Event Map

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Match Schedule
The match list will be generated on the day of the event after the teams have been confirmed.
This schedule will list which teams will play in which alliance (Red or Blue) and it will also list a
match start time see Figure 5. Some events will have more than one competition field. Some
events will have more than one division, in which case each division will have its own schedule.

Figure 5: Example Match Schedule

Pit Map
Pit maps are typically provided by either the Event Director or by the Scorekeeper. Having a
map of where each team is in the pit is key, as teams, parents or Queuers might need to find.
Below are two sample pit maps in Figure 6andFigure 7. Pit Maps created in FTC Scoring will
appear on the FTC-Eventspage.
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Figure 6: Example Pit Map for a small12-team Qualifier Event

Figure 7: Example Pit Map for a Typical Regional Championship Event

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Useful Links and Information
On-Call Support Numbers
On-Call Support
These numbers are for volunteer support only. Teams should not use these
numbers to call about rulings or technical assistance.
Administrative, Judge, Referee and Non-Technical Issues:

(603)206-2412
Scoring System (FTC Live) or other Technical Issues:
(603)206-2450
Call, use the built-in chat feature on FTC Live available for events with
internet access, or Head Referees can use the Event Support feature in the
Referee Slack.
Pre-Event Support
Mon – Fri
8:30am – 5:00pm Eastern Time (UTC-4 or UTC-5)
Contact Supportincluding live chat or email
customerservice@firstinspires.org

Program Resources
FIRST Tech Challenge
Event Search
Website

Game and Season
FIRST Tech Challenge Blog
Resources

Volunteer Resources
Team Email Blasts

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Feedback
We strive to create support materials that are the best they can be. If you have feedback about
this manual, please emailcustomerservice@firstinspires.orgor bycontacting support. Thank
you
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Document Outline

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